Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and surgical management of eye diseases and disorders. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in eye care, including prescribing medications, performing surgeries, and managing vision problems. Common conditions treated in ophthalmology include cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, eye injuries, strabismus, and many others. The field uses advanced diagnostic tools like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography to assess and treat various eye diseases. Ophthalmologists typically complete extensive medical education and specialized training to provide both medical and surgical eye care. Regular eye exams by an ophthalmologist help in the early detection and treatment of eye diseases to preserve vision.